1.4 For two of the 3 articles

     in the

Highways gutted American cities. So why did they build them?

-the author used evaluation argument because he sat a criteria which that highways effected cities badly. then he mentioned the type of people were involve 

-he used the purpose element to inform the reader that highways were bad for the cities. 

     in the 

Before-and-after maps show how freeways transformed America's cities

the author used also evaluation argument, but the difference is that he is comparing the past to the present and use setting as places, timelines.